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Universalism and Levels of Analysis

Author: Wirya Omar Amin
Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdish Academy
Professor Emeritus – University of Baghdad

DOI: 10.24086/cuesj.si.2018.n1a1

Abstract

Any system as complex as human language is bound to lend itself to a variety of independent approaches. At different times different aspects of language have struck peoples and thinkers’ mind. One of the most controversial topics which has become the most widely used linguistic theory is Chomsky’s Universal Grammar.

This paper is an attempt to present a brief account of the historical background of the idea of the universal grammar and its implications. It manifests some universal features common to all human languages. Finally it focuses on the concept of hierarchy in language by which the levels of linguistic analysis are specified.

Keywords: Universal, Hierarchy, Genetic, Biological Reasons, Levels of Analysis.

References

Amin, W. O. (2006) Levels of analysis. Kurdish Academy Journal. V5.

Chomsky, N. (1965) Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge Mass. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Chomsky, N. (1981) Principles and Parameters in Syntactic Theory.  In N, Herrnstein and D.  Lightfoot (eds). Explanations in Linguistics. London: Longman.

Comrie, B. (1981) Language Universals and Linguistic Typology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Cook, V.J. and   Newton, M. (1996) Chomsky’s Universal Grammar. Oxford: Blackwell.

Encyclopedia Britannica (1771) Of Universal Gramma. In Grammar.

Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. & Hyams, N. (2003) An Introduction to Language. Heinle, USA: Thomson.

Greenberg, J. H. (1963) Universals of Language. Cambridge: MIT Press.

————-(ed.) (1978) Universals of Human Language Vol 4: Syntax. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Pesetsky, D. (1999)  Linguistic Universals and Universal Grammar . In The MIT Encyclopaedia of the Cognitive Sciences. Ed. Robert A. Wilson and Frank C. Keil Cambridge: MIT Press.

Robins, R. H. (1964) General Linguistics – An Introductory Survey. London: Longman.

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الكاتب:سرمد جاسم محمد الخزرجي جامعة تكريت، كلية الاداب الكاتبة:صابرين حسن حسون DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cuesj.si.2018.n1a24 المستخلص …

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