Levels of IL-1β and IL-8 in Iraqi women with Bacterial vaginosis and Trichomoniasis

Related Articles

Special Edition No2 2017 Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal

August 2, 2017

Cytogenetic Studies on Lymphocytes Isolated from Women with a History of Abortion Infected with Toxoplasma gondii

August 2, 2017

Investigation of Microsatellite Instability BAT 25 and BAT 26 in Breast Cancer Patients by Conventional PCR

August 2, 2017

Authors: Dr.Wasnaa J., Noor Alhuda Kh. Ibrahim
College of Nursing, University of Baghdad

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cuesj.si.2017.n2a23

Abstract

In order to identify and isolate the microbiological causes of the main genital tract infections and investigate the levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL – 8 and IL – 1β in vaginal fluid of women with bacterial  vaginosis and trichomoniasis compared with healthy control group, a  study was carried out on 164 women aged from 16 to 46 years, within reproductive age .  Different laboratory methods were done to identify and isolate the microbiological causes of genital tract infection. Results   demonstrated that the most common genital tract infection was bacterial vaginosis which detected in 48 women (37.5 %), followed by candidiasis in 42 (32.8 %), trichomoniasis in 38  (29.7 %), chlamydial infection in 28 (21.9 %) and gonococcal infection in 6 (4.7 %). Our study demonstrated the increase levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL – 8 and IL – 1β in bacterial   vaginosis and trichomoniasis, the mean level of IL – 8 in bacterial    vaginosis was 62.26 (pg\ml) SD +\- 31.12 and in trichomoniasis 59.45(pg\ml) SD +\-20.23 compared with healthy control group 19.96        (pg\ml) SD +\-9.13, which detect highly significant relationship, the mean level of IL – 1β in bacterial vaginosis    was 464.28 (pg\ml) SD +\- 448.663, in trichomoniasis 489.59 (pg\ml)SD +\-476.927 compared with healthy control 91.55 (pg\ml) SD +\-   42.313, which showed highly significant relationship

Keywords: IL-1β , IL-8, vaginosis , trichomoniasis.

References

• Romero Herrero D, Andreu Domingo A. [Bacterial vaginosis]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2016 Jul;34 Suppl 3:14-8.
• Morris M, Nicoll A, Simms I, Wilson J, Catchpole M. Bacterial vaginosis: a public health review. BJOG. 2001;108(5):439–450.
• Donders GG, Van Calsteren K, Bellen G, Reybrouck R, Van den Bosch T, Riphagen I, Van Lierde S. Predictive value for preterm birth of abnormal vaginal flora, bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis during the first trimester of pregnancy. BJOG. 2009;116(10):1315–1324. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02237
• Allsworth JE, Lewis VA, Peipert JF. Viral sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis: 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35(9):791–796. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181788301.
• Kesli R, Pektas B, Ozdemir M, Gunenc D, Coskun E, Baykan M, Baysal B. [Microscopic examination of vaginal discharge specimens for Trichomonas vaginalis and other micro-organisms in 18-45 age group women]. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2012; 36 (3): 1882– 1844
• Ohnston Victoria J, Mabey D C. Global epidemiology and control of Trichomonas vaginalis. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2008; 21: 56– 64.
• Ferreira CS, Marconi C, Parada CM, Duarte MT, Gonçalves AP, Rudge MV, Silva MG. Bacterial vaginosis in pregnant adolescents: proinflammatory cytokine and bacterial sialidase profile. Cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Med J.2015 Nov-Dec;133(6):465-70. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2014.9182710.
• Mercer F, Diala FG, Chen YP, Molgora BM, Ng SH¹, Johnson PJ. Leukocyte Lysis and Cytokine Induction by the Human Sexually Transmitted Parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Aug 16;10(8):e0004913. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004913.
• (1991) Importance of GTIs. Introduction. John Hopkins university program international education in reproductive health. JHPIEGO: p1 – 2.
• Ridgeway HL., Oriel JD. (1977) Inter-relationship of Chlamydia trachomatis and other pathogens in the female genital tract. J Clin Pathol., 30: 933 – 936.
• Nandi D.,and Allison JP. (1994) Characterization of neutrophils and T lymphocytes associated with the murine vaginal epithelium. Reg Immunol., 5:332-338.
• Fichorova RN., and Anderson DJ. (1999) Differential expression of immunobiological mediators by immortalized human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells. Biol Reprod., 60: 508-514.
• Hill GB. (1993) The microbiology of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol., 169: 450 – 4.
• Wathne B., Holst E., Hovelius B., Mardh PA. (1994) Vaginal discharge. Comparison of clinical, laboratory and microbiological findings. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand., 73(10): 802 – 8.
• Hay PE. (1998) Recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Dermatol Clin., 16: 769 – 73, xii-xiii.
• Georgijevic A., Cjukic-Ivancevic S., Bujko M. (2000) Bacterial vaginosis. Epidemiology and risk factors. Spr Arh Celok Lek., 128(1-2): 29 – 33.
• Landers DV., Wiesenfeld HC., Heine RP., Krohn MA., Hillier SL. (2004) Predictive value of the clinical diagnosis of lower genital tract infection in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol., 190(4): 1004 – 10.
• Sobel JD. (1993). Candida vulvovaginitis. Clin obstet Gynecol., 85: 387 – 90.
• Eckert LO., Hawes SE., Slevens CE., Koutsky LA., Eschenbach DA., Holmes KK. (1998): vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm. Obstet Gynecol., 92 (5): 757 – 65.
• Sobel JD. (1997). Vaginitis. N Eng. Med., 337: 1896 – 903.
• Culha G., Hakverdi AU., Zeteroglu S., Duran N. (2006). Investigation of the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in women with complaints of vaginal discharge and itching. Turkiye parazitol Derg.; 30 (1): 16 – 18.
• Swygard H., Sena AC., Hobbs MM. (2003). Trichomoniasis: clinical manifestation, diagnosis and management. Sex Transm. Infect; 80 (2): 91 – 5.
• Basso B., Gimenez F., Lopez C. (2005) IL – 1beta, IL – 6 and IL – 8 levels in gyneco – obstetric infections. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol., 13(4):207-11.
• Shaio MF., Lin PR., Lin JY., and Yang KD.(1995). Generation of interleukin – 8 from human monocytes in response to Trichomonas vaginalis Infect. Immune. 63: 3864 – 3870.
• Jae – Sook Ryu, Ji Hk., Seung YJ, Myeong HS, Jung Mk, Hyun P, Duk YM. (2004). Production of interleukin – 8 by human neutrophils stimulated with Trichomonas vaginalis. Infect. Immune, 72 (3): 1326 – 1332.
• Demirezen S., Safi Z., and Beksac. (2000) The interaction of Trichomonas vaginalis with epithelial cells polymorphonuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes on vaginal smears: light microscopic observation. Cytopathology. 11: 326-332.
• Yudin MH., Hilliera SL., Wiesenfeld HC., et al. (2003) vaginal poly morphonuclear leucocytes and bacterial vaginosis as markers for histological endometritis among women without symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease. AM J Obstet Gynecol., 188:318-23.
• Mattsby – Baltzer I, Platz – Christensen JJ, Hosseini N, Rosen P. (1998). IL – 1 beta, IL – 6, TNF alpha, fetal fibronection and endotoxin in the lower genital tract of pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand; 77(7): 701 – 6.
• Wasiela M., Krzeminski Z., Kalinka J., Brzezinka- Blaszczyk E. (2005) Correlation between levels of selected cytokines in cervicovaginal fluid of women with abnormal vaginal bacterial flora., 57 (3):327-33.
• Cauci S., Thorsen P., Schendel DE., Bremmelgaard A., Quadrifoglio F., and Guaschino S. (2003) Determination of immunoglobulin against Gardnerella vaginalis; Haemolysin, Salidase, and prosalidase activities in vaginal fluid: Implications for adverse pregnancy out comes. J Clin Microb., 41:435-438.
• Fichorova RN., Desai PJ., Gibson FC ., and Genco CA. (2001) Distinct proinflammatory host responses to Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in immortalized human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells. Infect Immun 69:5840-5848.
• Steele C., and Fidel PL. (2002) Cytokine and chemokine production by human oral and vaginal epithelial cells in response to Candida albicans. Infect Immun 70:577-583.
• Dinarello CA. (1996) Biologic basis for interleukin – 1 in Blood, 87, 2095 – 2147.
• Ito A., Ikesue A. et al. (1992) Chemotactic factor in pregnant rabbit uterine cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 167, 1417-1422.
• Elmaradny E., Kanayama N., Halim A. et al. (1995) the effect of interleukin – 1 in rabbit cervical ripening. Eur J Obstet Gynecol reprod Biol 60 , 75-80.
• Uma S., Balakrishnan P., Murugavel KG., Strikrishnan AK., Kumarasamy N., Anand S., Cecelia JA., Celentano D., Mayer KH., Thyagarajan SP., Solomon S. (2006) Bacterial vaginosis in women of low socioeconomic status living in Slum areas in Chennai, India. Sex Health 3(4): 297-8.